I-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, ephawulwe yimozulu yehlathi elishinyeneyo, imisebenzi ye-monsoon rhoqo, kunye nomhlaba weentaba, yenye yemimandla ethandwa kakhulu kwiintlekele zeentaba kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukujongwa kwemvula kwindawo enye akusanele kwiimfuno zangoku zesilumkiso kwangethuba. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuseka inkqubo edibeneyo yokubeka iliso kunye nesilumkiso edibanisa isithuba-, isibhakabhaka-, kunye nobuchwepheshe obusekelwe emhlabeni. Undoqo wenkqubo enjalo ibandakanya: i-hydrological sensors radar (ukubeka iliso kwimvula enkulu), iigeji zemvula (ukulinganisa umgangatho ophantsi ochanekileyo), kunye nezinzwa zokufuduswa (zokuhlola iimeko zejoloji kwindawo).
Le meko ilandelayo yesicelo ebanzi ibonisa indlela ezi ntlobo zintathu zabenzi boluvo zisebenza kunye.
I. Imeko yeSicelo: iProjekthi yokuQala iSilumkiso seZikhukula zeNtaba kunye noKudilika komhlaba kwiSiqithi saseJava, eIndonesia.
1. Imvelaphi yeProjekthi:
Iilali ezisezintabeni kumbindi weSiqithi saseJava zisoloko zichatshazelwa yimvula enkulu, ekhokelela kwizikhukula ezihlala rhoqo ezintabeni kunye nokudilika komhlaba okukhaphayo, nto leyo ebeka esichengeni ubomi babahlali, izakhiwo nezakhiwo. Urhulumente wasekhaya, ngentsebenziswano nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, uphumeze iprojekthi yokubeka iliso ebanzi kunye nesilumkiso kwindawo encinane yommandla wamanzi.
2. Ubumbeko boluvo kunye neendima:
- “Iliso Lesibhakabhaka”-IiSensors zeRadar zeHydrological (Ukubeka iliso kwiNdawo)
- Indima: Uqikelelo lokuna kwemvula kwindawo enkulu kunye noqikelelo lokuna kweemvula.
- Ukusasazwa: Uthungelwano lwe-X-band encinci okanye i-C-band hydrological radars yasasazwa kwiindawo eziphezulu ezijikeleze i-watershed. Ezi rada zihlola iatmosfera phezu kommandla wonke wamanzi ngesisombululo esiphezulu se-spatiotemporal (umzekelo, rhoqo ngemizuzu emi-5, igridi ye-500m × 500m), iqikelela ubungakanani bemvula, icala lentshukumo, kunye nesantya.
- Isicelo:
- Irada ibhaqa ilifu elinamandla lemvula elihamba lisingise kwindawo yamanzi enyukayo kwaye ibale ukuba iya kugubungela yonke indawo yamanzi kwimizuzu engama-60, kunye noqikelelo lwendawo yobuninzi bemvula engaphaya kwe-40 mm/h. Inkqubo ikhupha ngokuzenzekelayo isilumkiso seNqanaba loku-1 (Ingcebiso), ukwazisa izikhululo zokubeka iliso zomhlaba kunye nabasebenzi bolawulo ukulungiselela ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza.
- Idatha ye-radar inika imephu yokusasazwa kwemvula yendawo yonke yamanzi, ichaza ngokuchanekileyo iindawo "ezitshisayo" ezinemvula enkulu, esebenza njengegalelo elibalulekileyo kwizilumkiso ezichanekileyo ezilandelayo.
- “Isingqinisiso esiseMgangathweni” — Izilinganisi zemvula (Inqaku elichanekileyo lokuBeka iliso)
- Indima: Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha yenyaniso kunye nokulinganisa idatha ye-radar.
- Ukusasazwa: Uninzi lwezilinganisi zemvula ezithiphu-amabhakethi zasasazwa kuwo wonke ummandla wamanzi, ingakumbi emantla ezilalini, kwimiphakamo eyahlukeneyo, nakwiindawo ezichongiweyo ngerada. Ezi zivamvo zirekhoda imvula yokwenyani ekumgangatho ophantsi ngokuchaneka okuphezulu (umz., 0.2 mm/incam).
- Isicelo:
- Xa i-radar ye-hydrological ikhupha isilumkiso, inkqubo ngokukhawuleza ibuyisela idatha yexesha langempela kwiigeji zemvula. Ukuba iigeyiji zemvula ezininzi ziqinisekisa ukuba imvula eyongezelekayo kwiyure edlulileyo igqithile kuma-50 mm (umda osetwe kwangaphambili), inkqubo inyusa isilumkiso ukuya kwiNqanaba lesi-2 (Isilumkiso).
- Idatha ye-rain gauge idluliselwa ngokuqhubekayo kwinkqubo ephakathi ukuthelekisa kunye nokulinganisa kunye noqikelelo lwe-radar, ngokuqhubekayo ukuphucula ukuchaneka kwe-radar inversion yemvula kunye nokunciphisa i-alamu yobuxoki kunye nokufumanisa okulahlekileyo. Isebenza "njengenyaniso esisiseko" yokuqinisekisa izilumkiso zeradar.
- “Ukutyhaphaza koMhlaba”-IiSensors zokufuduka (Ujongo lweMpendulo yeGeological)
- Indima: Ukubeka esweni eyona mpendulo yethambeka kwimvula kunye nokulumkisa ngokuthe ngqo ngokudilika komhlaba.
- Ukusasazwa: Uthotho lwezivamvo zokufuduswa zafakwa kumngcipheko ophezulu wokudilika komhlaba ezichongiweyo ngovavanyo lwejoloji ngaphakathi kwendawo yamanzi, kubandakanywa:
- IBorehole Inclinometers: Ifakelwe kwimingxuma yokomba ukujonga ukufuduswa okuncinci kwamatye angaphantsi komhlaba kunye nomhlaba.
- Imitha yokuqhekeka/Izandiso zocingo: Zifakwe kuzo zonke iintanda zomphezulu ukujonga utshintsho kububanzi bokuqhekeka.
- I-GNSS (i-Global Navigation Satellite System) Izitishi zokuHlola: Ukubeka iliso kwimillimeter-level surface displacements.
- Isicelo:
- Ngexesha lemvula enkulu, iigeyiji zemvula ziqinisekisa ukuna kwemvula ephezulu. Ngeli nqanaba, izinzwa zokufuduka zibonelela ngolwazi olubaluleke kakhulu-ukuzinza kwe-slope.
- Inkqubo ibona ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kumazinga okufuduka ukusuka kwi-inclinometer enzulu kwi-slope enobungozi obuphezulu, ehamba kunye nokufundwa okuqhubekayo okubanzi ukusuka kwiimitha ze-crack surface. Oku kubonisa ukuba amanzi emvula angenile kwithambeka, umphezulu wokutyibilika uyakhula, kwaye ukudilika komhlaba kusondele.
- Ngokusekelwe kule datha yexesha langempela lokufuduka, inkqubo idlula izilumkiso ezisekelwe kwimvula kwaye ikhupha ngokuthe ngqo iNqanaba le-3 isilumkiso (Isilumkiso esiphuthumayo), ukwazisa abahlali kwindawo yengozi ngokusasazwa, i-SMS, kunye ne-sirens ukuba baphume ngokukhawuleza.
II. Ukuhamba kweNtsebenziswano yoVavanyo
- ISigaba seSilumkiso sakwaNgethuba (eMvula yaPhambi kokuna kwemvula ukuya kwiMvula yokuQala): Irada ye-Hydrological ifumanisa amafu amakhulu emvula entla komlambo kuqala, inika isilumkiso kwangethuba.
- ISigaba soQinisekiso kunye neNqanaba (Ngexesha lokuna kwemvula): Iigeyiji zemvula ziqinisekisa ukuba imvula yomgangatho womhlaba ingaphaya kwemida, ichaza kwaye ibeka inqanaba lesilumkiso kwindawo ethile.
- ISigaba seSigaba esiPhambili (i-Pre-Disaster): Izinzwa zokufuduka zifumanisa iimpawu ezithe ngqo zokungazinzi kwe-slope, ezibangela i-alert yezinga eliphezulu leentlekele, ukuthenga "imizuzu embalwa yokugqibela" ebalulekileyo yokukhutshwa.
- Ukulinganisa kunye nokuFunda (Kuyo yonke iNkqubo): Idatha yokulinganisa imvula ngokuqhubekayo ilungelelanisa i-radar, ngelixa yonke idatha yenzwa irekhodwa ukuze kulungiswe iimodeli ezilumkiso zexesha elizayo kunye nemibundu.
III. Isishwankathelo kunye neMingeni
Le ndlela edibeneyo yeenzwa ezininzi ibonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa eyomeleleyo yokujongana nezikhukhula zeentaba kunye nokudilika komhlaba kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia.
- Iradar ye-Hydrological iphendula umbuzo othi, "Iza kubakho phi izandyondyo zemvula?" ukunika ixesha lokuhamba.
- Iigeyiji zemvula ziphendula umbuzo othi, “Ingakanani imvula ene ngokwenene?” ukubonelela ngedatha yobungakanani obuchanekileyo.
- Izinzwa zokufuduswa ziphendula umbuzo othi, "Ingaba umhlaba uza kutyibilika?" ukunika ubungqina obuthe ngqo bentlekele ezayo.
Imingeni ibandakanya:
- Iindleko eziphezulu: Ukuthunyelwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-radar kunye ne-dense sensor networks kuyabiza.
- Ubunzima boLondolozo: Kwiindawo ezikude, ezifumileyo, kunye neentaba, ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kombane (kaninzi kuxhomekeke kumandla elanga), ukuhanjiswa kwedatha (kaninzi kusetyenziswa amaza onomathotholo okanye isathelayithi), kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ngumngeni omkhulu.
- Ukudityaniswa kobuGcisa: Iiplatifti zedatha ezinamandla kunye ne-algorithms ziyafuneka ukudibanisa idatha yemithombo emininzi kunye nokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo, ukwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza.
- Iseti epheleleyo yeeseva kunye nemodyuli yesoftware engenazingcingo, ixhasa iRS485 GPRS / 4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWANnceda uqhagamshelane Honde Technology Co., LTD.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-19-2025