Umzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, ophawulwa yimozulu yayo yehlathi lemvula elishushu, imisebenzi eyenzeka rhoqo ngeemvula ezinkulu, kunye nomhlaba weentaba, yenye yezona ndawo zisengozini enkulu yeentlekele zeentaba kwihlabathi liphela. Ukubeka iliso kwimvula yendabuko kwindawo enye akwanelanga kwiimfuno zesilumkiso sangoku zanamhlanje. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuseka inkqubo edibeneyo yokubeka iliso kunye nesilumkiso edibanisa ubuchwepheshe bendawo, isibhakabhaka, kunye nomhlaba. Isiseko sale nkqubo siquka: izinzwa zeradar zamanzi (zokubeka iliso kwimvula enkulu), iigeyiji zemvula (zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo umgangatho womhlaba), kunye nezinzwa zokufuduka (zokubeka iliso kwiimeko zejoloji kwindawo).
Eli tyala lilandelayo lichaza indlela ezi ntlobo zintathu zezinzwa ezisebenza ngayo kunye.
I. Ityala lesicelo: Iprojekthi yesilumkiso sasekuqaleni yezikhukula zeentaba kunye nokudilika komhlaba kwindawo yamanzi yesiqithi saseJava, eIndonesia
1. Imvelaphi yeProjekthi:
Iilali ezisezintabeni kwiSiqithi saseJava esikumbindi zihlala zichaphazeleka ziimvula ezinkulu zemvula, nto leyo ekhokelela kwizikhukula zeentaba rhoqo kunye nokudilika komhlaba okuhambisana nazo, nto leyo esongela ubomi babemi, iipropati kunye neziseko zophuhliso. Urhulumente wengingqi, ngokubambisana nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, uqalise iprojekthi yokubeka esweni kunye nokulumkisa ngokubanzi kwindawo encinci eqhelekileyo yommandla.
2. Uqwalaselo lweSensor kunye neendima:
- “Iliso Lesibhakabhaka” — Izinzwa Zeradar Ze-Hydrological (Ukubeka Iliso Kwindawo)
- Indima: Uqikelelo lweendlela ezibonakala nge-macroscopic kunye noqikelelo lwemvula kummandla wamanzi.
- Ukusasazwa: Inethiwekhi yeeradar ezincinci ze-X-band okanye ze-C-band zasasazwa kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezijikeleze i-watershed. Ezi radar ziskena umoya ojikeleze i-watershed yonke ngesisombululo esiphezulu sendawo (umz., rhoqo emva kwemizuzu emi-5, igridi ye-500m × 500m), ziqikelela ubunzulu bemvula, indlela yokuhamba, kunye nesantya.
- Isicelo:
- I-radar ibona ilifu elinamandla lemvula elihamba lisiya kwindawo ephezulu yamanzi aze alinganise ukuba liza kugubungela yonke indawo kwimizuzu engama-60, kwaye umlinganiselo wemvula oqikelelweyo ungaphezulu kwe-40 mm/h. Le nkqubo ikhupha ngokuzenzekelayo isilumkiso seNqanaba loku-1 (Ingcebiso), yazisa izikhululo zokubeka esweni umhlaba kunye nabasebenzi bolawulo ukuba balungiselele ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza.
- Idatha yeradar ibonelela ngemephu yokusasazwa kwemvula kuyo yonke indawo enamanzi, ichonga ngokuchanekileyo iindawo "ezishushu" ezinemvula eninzi, nto leyo esebenza njengegalelo elibalulekileyo kwizilumkiso ezichanekileyo ezilandelayo.
- "Isalathiso Somhlaba" — IiGauge zeMvula (Ukubeka esweni ngokuchanekileyo kweNqanaba elithile)
- Indima: Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha yenyani esisiseko kunye nokulinganiswa kwedatha yeradar.
- Ukusasazwa: Iigeyiji zemvula ezininzi ezithintithayo zasasazwa kulo lonke ilali, ingakumbi emantla eedolophana, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, nakwiindawo “ezishushu” ezichongiweyo yiradar. Ezi sensor zirekhoda imvula yokwenyani esemhlabeni ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu (umz., 0.2 mm/incam).
- Isicelo:
- Xa iradar yamanzi ikhupha isilumkiso, inkqubo ifumana idatha yexesha langempela kwiigeyiji zemvula ngoko nangoko. Ukuba iigeyiji ezininzi zemvula ziqinisekisa ukuba imvula eqokelelweyo kwiyure ephelileyo idlule kwi-50 mm (umda omiselweyo), inkqubo inyusa isilumkiso iye kwiNqanaba lesi-2 (Isilumkiso).
- Idatha ye-rain gauge idluliselwa rhoqo kwinkqubo ephakathi ukuze ithelekiswe kwaye ilinganiswe ngoqikelelo lwe-radar, iphucula rhoqo ukuchaneka kokuguqulwa kwemvula ye-radar kwaye inciphise ii-alamu zobuxoki kunye nokubhaqwa okungachanekanga. Isebenza "njengenyaniso" yokuqinisekisa izilumkiso ze-radar.
- "I-Pulse yoMhlaba" — Izinzwa zokuFuduka (Ukubeka esweni impendulo yeJografi)
- Indima: Ukubeka esweni indlela ithambeka elisabela ngayo xa lina imvula kunye nokulumkisa ngokuthe ngqo ngokudilika komhlaba.
- Ukusasazwa: Uthotho lweenzwa zokufuduka lufakelwe kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu bokudilika komhlaba ezichongiweyo ngophando lwejoloji ngaphakathi kweshedi yamanzi, kuquka:
- IiBorehole Inclinometers: Zifakwe kwimingxunya yokugrumba ukuze zijonge ukufuduka okuncinci kwelitye nomhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba.
- Iimitha zokuqhekeka/Ii-Extensometers zeNtambo: Zifakwe kwiindawo zokuqhekeka komphezulu ukuze zijonge utshintsho kububanzi bokuqhekeka.
- Izitishi zokuJonga ze-GNSS (iNkqubo yeSathelayithi yokuHamba ngeHlabathi): Jonga ukufuduka komphezulu kwinqanaba leemilimitha.
- Isicelo:
- Ngexesha lemvula enkulu, iigeyiji zemvula ziqinisekisa ubunzulu bemvula ephezulu. Kweli nqanaba, izinzwa zokufuduka zibonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo—uzinzo lwethambeka.
- Le nkqubo ibona ukukhawuleza ngequbuliso kwamazinga okufuduka ukusuka kwi-inclinometer enzulu kwindawo esemngciphekweni ophezulu, kunye nokufundwa okuqhubekekayo okuvela kwiimitha zokuqhekeka komphezulu. Oku kubonisa ukuba amanzi emvula angene kwithambeka, umphezulu wokutyibilika uyanda, kwaye ukudilika komhlaba kusondele.
- Ngokusekelwe kule datha yokufuduka ngexesha langempela, le nkqubo iyayigqitha izilumkiso ezisekelwe kwimvula kwaye ikhuphe ngokuthe ngqo isilumkiso seNqanaba lesi-3 (Isilumkiso soNgxamiseko), yazisa abemi abakwindawo eyingozi ngokusasaza, iiSMS, kunye neesiren ukuba baphume ngokukhawuleza.
II. Usebenziswano oluBambiseneyo lweeSensors
- Isigaba Sesilumkiso Sasekuqaleni (Ngaphambi Kwemvula Ukuya Kwimvula Yokuqala): I-radar yamanzi ibona amafu anemvula enamandla phezulu komsinga kuqala, inike isilumkiso kwangethuba.
- Isigaba soQinisekiso kunye noKunyuka (Ngexesha lemvula): Iigeyiji zemvula ziqinisekisa ukuba imvula esemhlabeni idlula imida, zichaza kwaye zibeka inqanaba lesilumkiso kwindawo ethile.
- Isigaba Esibalulekileyo Sokusebenza (Ngaphambi Kwentlekele): Izinzwa zokufuduka zibona imiqondiso ethe ngqo yokungazinzi kwethambeka, zibangela isilumkiso sentlekele esisesiphezulu, zithengela "imizuzu embalwa yokugqibela" ebalulekileyo yokufuduka.
- Ukulinganisa kunye nokufunda (Kuyo yonke inkqubo): Idatha yegeyiji yemvula iqhubeka nokulinganisa iradar, ngelixa yonke idatha yesenzi irekhodwa ukuze kuphuculwe iimodeli zesilumkiso kunye nemida yexesha elizayo.
III. Isishwankathelo kunye nemingeni
Le ndlela idibeneyo ye-multi-sensor inika inkxaso yobugcisa eqinileyo yokujongana nezikhukula zeentaba kunye nokudilika komhlaba kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia.
- I-radar ye-hydrological iphendula umbuzo othi, “Iza kubakho phi imvula enkulu?” inika ixesha lokuqalisa.
- Iigeyiji zemvula ziphendula umbuzo othi, “Ingakanani imvula enehlileyo?” zibonelela ngedatha echanekileyo yobungakanani.
- Izinzwa zokufuduka ziphendula umbuzo othi, “Ingaba umhlaba uza kutyibilika?” zibonelela ngobungqina obuthe ngqo bentlekele ezayo.
Imingeni ibandakanya:
- Iindleko Eziphezulu: Ukusasazwa nokugcinwa kweenethiwekhi ze-radar kunye ne-dense sensor kubiza kakhulu.
- Ubunzima boLondolozo: Kwiindawo ezikude, ezifumileyo, nezineentaba, ukuqinisekisa umbane (ohlala uxhomekeke kumandla elanga), ukuhanjiswa kwedatha (kudla ngokusetyenziswa irediyo okanye isatellite), kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo ngokwasemzimbeni ngumceli mngeni omkhulu.
- Ukuhlanganiswa koBugcisa: Kufuneka amaqonga edatha anamandla kunye nee-algorithms ukuze kudityaniswe idatha yemithombo emininzi kwaye kuvumeleke ukwenza izigqibo ngokuzenzekelayo nangokukhawuleza.
- Iseti epheleleyo yeeseva kunye nemodyuli engenazingcingo yesoftware, ixhasa i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWANNceda unxibelelane neHonde Technology Co., LTD.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-19-2025