Amatyala okusetyenziswa kweAmmonia Nitrogen, iNitrate Nitrogen, iTotal Nitrogen, kunye ne-pH 4-in-1 Sensor ePhilippines

IPhilippines, njengelizwe elihlala kwiindawo ezininzi, inemithombo yamanzi emininzi kodwa ikwajongene nemingeni ebalulekileyo yolawulo lomgangatho wamanzi. Eli nqaku lichaza iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwe-4-in-1 water quality sensor (ukubeka esweni i-ammonia nitrogen, i-nitrate nitrogen, i-total nitrogen, kunye ne-pH) kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ePhilippines, kubandakanya ukunkcenkceshela kwezolimo, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kamasipala, impendulo engxamisekileyo kwintlekele, kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo. Ngokuhlalutya ezi meko zehlabathi lokwenyani, sinokuqonda indlela obu buchwephesha be-sensor obudibeneyo obunceda ngayo iPhilippines ukujongana nemingeni yolawulo lomgangatho wamanzi, ukuphucula ukusebenza kokubeka esweni, kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso yedatha yexesha langempela yokwenza izigqibo.

Imvelaphi kunye nemingeni yokubeka iliso kuMgangatho waManzi ePhilippines

Njengelizwe elihlala kwiindawo ezininzi elinamaqhina angaphezu kwama-7,000, iPhilippines inemithombo yamanzi eyahlukeneyo, kuquka imilambo, amachibi, amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, kunye neendawo ezibanzi zaselwandle. Nangona kunjalo, eli lizwe lijongene nemingeni eyahlukileyo kulawulo lomgangatho wamanzi. Ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini ngokukhawuleza, imisebenzi yezolimo enzima, uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso, kunye neentlekele zemvelo ezixhaphakileyo (ezifana nezivuthuvuthu kunye nezikhukula) zibeka emngciphekweni omkhulu umgangatho wemithombo yamanzi. Kwimeko enjalo, izixhobo zokujonga umgangatho wamanzi ezidibeneyo ezifana ne-4-in-1 sensor (ukulinganisa i-ammonia nitrogen, i-nitrate nitrogen, i-total nitrogen, kunye ne-pH) ziye zaba zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zolawulo lomgangatho wamanzi ePhilippines.

Iingxaki zomgangatho wamanzi ePhilippines zibonisa umahluko kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo, njengeCentral Luzon kunye neendawo zaseMindanao, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezichumisi kukhokelele kumanqanaba aphezulu eekhompawundi zenitrogen (ingakumbi i-ammonia nitrogen kunye ne-nitrate nitrogen) kwiindawo zamanzi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukulahleka kwe-ammonia volatilization kwi-urea efakwe phezu komhlaba kumasimi erayisi asePhilippines kunokufikelela malunga ne-10%, kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezichumisi kwaye kunegalelo kungcoliseko lwamanzi. Kwiindawo zasezidolophini ezifana neMetro Manila, ungcoliseko lwesinyithi esinzima (ingakumbi i-lead) kunye nongcoliseko lweentsholongwane zezona zinto zixhalabisayo kwiinkqubo zamanzi zikamasipala. Kwiindawo ezichaphazelekileyo ziintlekele zemvelo ezifana neTyphoon Haiyan eTacloban City, iinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi ezonakeleyo zikhokelele ekungcolisweni kwamanzi okusela ngandle, nto leyo ebangele ukwanda kwezifo zesisu.

Iindlela zemveli zokujonga umgangatho wamanzi zijongene nemida emininzi ePhilippines. Uhlalutyo lwelabhoratri lufuna ukuqokelelwa kweesampulu kunye nokuthuthwa ukuya kwiilabhoratri ezikwindawo enye, nto leyo ethatha ixesha kwaye ibiza kakhulu, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezikude zesiqithi. Ukongeza, izixhobo zokujonga iparameter enye azinakubonelela ngombono opheleleyo womgangatho wamanzi, ngelixa ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi ngaxeshanye kwandisa ubunzima benkqubo kunye neendleko zokugcinwa. Ke ngoko, iisensa ezidibeneyo ezikwaziyo ukujonga iiparameter ezininzi eziphambili ngaxeshanye zixabisa ixabiso elithile ePhilippines.

I-ammonia nitrogen, i-nitrate nitrogen, i-total nitrogen, kunye ne-pH zizibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo zokuvavanya impilo yamanzi. I-ammonia nitrogen ngokuyintloko ivela ekuchithekeni kwamanzi kwezolimo, amanzi amdaka asekhaya, kunye namanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso, apho ubuninzi bawo buyityhefu ngqo kwizilwanyana zasemanzini. I-nitrate nitrogen, imveliso yokugqibela ye-nitrogen oxidation, ibeka iingozi zempilo ezifana ne-blue baby syndrome xa ityiwe kakhulu. I-total nitrogen ibonisa umthwalo we-nitrogen opheleleyo emanzini kwaye luphawu oluphambili lokuvavanya iingozi ze-eutrophication. I-pH, okwangoku, ichaphazela utshintsho lweentlobo ze-nitrogen kunye nokunyibilika kweesinyithi ezinzima. Phantsi kwemozulu yetropiki yasePhilippines, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu akhawulezisa ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo kunye neenkqubo zokuguqulwa kwe-nitrogen, okwenza ukuba ukujonga ezi parameters ngexesha langempela kubaluleke kakhulu.

Iingenelo zobugcisa zee-sensors ze-4-in-1 zikwindlela yazo yoyilo oludibeneyo kunye nobuchule bokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela. Xa kuthelekiswa nee-sensors zemveli ze-single-parameter, ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngedatha ngaxeshanye kwiiparameter ezininzi ezinxulumeneyo, ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokubeka esweni kwaye zityhila ubudlelwane phakathi kweeparameter. Umzekelo, utshintsho lwe-pH luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ibhalansi phakathi kwee-ion ze-ammonium (NH₄⁺) kunye ne-ammonia yasimahla (NH₃) emanzini, nto leyo emisela umngcipheko wokuwohloka kwe-ammonia. Ngokubeka esweni ezi parameter kunye, uvavanyo olupheleleyo ngakumbi lomgangatho wamanzi kunye nemingcipheko yongcoliseko lunokufezekiswa.

Phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezikhethekileyo zasePhilippines, ii-sensors ze-4-in-1 kufuneka zibonakalise ukuziqhelanisa okunamandla nokusingqongileyo. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokufuma kunokuchaphazela uzinzo lwe-sensor kunye nobomi bokuphila, ngelixa imvula exhaphakileyo inokubangela utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwi-turbidity yamanzi, iphazamise ukuchaneka kwee-optical sensors. Ke ngoko, ii-sensors ze-4-in-1 ezifakwe ePhilippines zihlala zifuna imbuyekezo yobushushu, uyilo oluchasene ne-biofouling, kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo kunye nokungena kwamanzi ukuze kumelwane nendalo esingqongileyo yesiqithi esishushu selizwe.

Izicelo zokubeka esweni amanzi okunkcenkceshela kwezoLimo

Njengelizwe lezolimo, irayisi sesona sityalo sibalulekileyo ePhilippines, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwesichumiso se-nitrogen kubalulekile kwimveliso yerayisi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zomgangatho wamanzi ezi-4 kwi-1 kwiinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela zasePhilippines kubonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa eqinileyo yokuchumisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nolawulo longcoliseko olungengomthombo. Ngokujonga i-ammonia nitrogen, i-nitrate nitrogen, i-nitrogen iyonke, kunye ne-pH emanzini okunkcenkceshela ngexesha langempela, abalimi kunye neengcali zezolimo banokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwesichumiso ngokwesayensi, banciphise ilahleko ye-nitrogen, kwaye bathintele ukuhamba kwamanzi kwezolimo ekungcoliseni imimandla yamanzi ejikelezileyo.

Ulawulo lweNitrogen yasemasimini erayisi kunye noPhuculo lokuSebenza kakuhle kwesichumiso

Phantsi kwemozulu yetropiki yasePhilippines, i-urea sesona sichumisi se-nitrogen esisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintsimi zerayisi. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ilahleko ye-ammonia volatilization evela kwi-urea efakwe phezu komhlaba kwiintsimi zerayisi zasePhilippines inokufikelela kwi-10%, enxulumene kakhulu ne-pH yamanzi okunkcenkceshela. Xa i-pH yamanzi entsimi yerayisi inyuka ngaphezulu kwe-9 ngenxa yomsebenzi we-algal, i-ammonia volatilization iba yindlela ephambili yokulahleka kwe-nitrogen, nokuba kukwimihlaba ene-asidi. I-sensor ye-4-in-1 inceda abalimi ukumisela ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuchumisa kunye neendlela zokujonga amanqanaba e-pH kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen ngexesha langempela.

Abaphandi bezolimo basePhilippines basebenzise ii-sensors ezi-4-in-1 ukuphuhlisa "iteknoloji yokubeka amanzi ngokunzulu" kwizichumisi ze-nitrogen. Le ndlela iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-nitrogen ngokulawula ngokwesayensi iimeko zamanzi asentsimini kunye neendlela zokuchumisa. Amanyathelo aphambili aquka: ukuyeka ukunkcenkceshela iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuchumisa ukuze umhlaba wome kancinci, ukufaka i-urea kumphezulu, uze emva koko unkcenkceshele kancinci ukunceda i-nitrogen ingene kumaleko womhlaba. Idatha ye-sensor ibonisa ukuba le ndlela inokuhambisa ngaphezulu kwe-60% ye-urea nitrogen kumaleko womhlaba, inciphise ilahleko zegesi kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi ngelixa inyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-nitrogen nge-15-20%.

Uvavanyo lwasentsimini eCentral Luzon kusetyenziswa izinzwa ezi-4-in-1 zityhile i-nitrogen dynamics phantsi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuchumisa. Kwindlela yesiqhelo yokusebenzisa umphezulu, izinzwa zirekhode ukunyuka okukhulu kwi-ammonia nitrogen kwiintsuku ezi-3-5 emva kokuchumisa, kulandele ukwehla ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukubekwa nzulu kubangele ukukhululwa kancinci kancinci nangokuhlala ixesha elide kwe-ammonia nitrogen. Idatha ye-pH ikwabonise ukuguquguquka okuncinci kwi-pH yomaleko wamanzi kunye nokubekwa nzulu, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wokuwohloka kwe-ammonia. Ezi ziphumo zexesha langempela zibonelele ngesikhokelo sesayensi sokwenza ngcono iindlela zokuchumisa.

Uvavanyo loMthwalo woNgcoliseko lokuNcedisa

Iindawo zezolimo ezibanzi ePhilippines zijongene nemingeni emikhulu yongcoliseko olungeyondawo, ingakumbi ungcoliseko lwe-nitrogen oluvela ekutsaleni amanzi erayisi. Iisensa ezi-4 kwi-1 ezifakwe kwimisele yokukhupha amanzi kunye namanzi afumana amanzi zihlala zijonga umahluko we-nitrogen ukuze kuvavanywe impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zolimo. Kwiprojekthi yokubeka esweni kwiPhondo laseBulacan, iinethiwekhi zeesensa zirekhode imithwalo ye-nitrogen ephezulu ngama-40-60% kwimithwalo yokukhupha amanzi enkcenkceshelo ngexesha lemvula xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elomileyo. Ezi ziphumo zazisa amaqhinga olawulo lwezondlo zonyaka.

Izinzwa ze-4-in-1 nazo zidlale indima ebalulekileyo kwiiprojekthi zesayensi yabemi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni zasePhilippines. Kuphononongo olwenziwe eBarbaza, kwiPhondo lamandulo, abaphandi basebenzisana nabalimi basekuhlaleni ukuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo besebenzisa izinzwa ze-4-in-1 eziphathekayo. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba nangona amanzi emithombo efikelela kwimigangatho ye-pH kunye nemigangatho yezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo ngokupheleleyo, ungcoliseko lwe-nitrogen (ngokuyintloko i-nitrate nitrogen) lufunyenwe, olunxulunyaniswa neendlela zokuchumisa ezikufutshane. Ezi ziphumo zikhuthaze uluntu ukuba luhlengahlengise ixesha kunye namazinga okuchumisa, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungcoliseka kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba.

*Itheyibhile: Uthelekiso lwezicelo zeSensor ezi-4 kwi-1 kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zezolimo zasePhilippines

Singabonelela ngezisombululo ezahlukeneyo
1. Imitha ephathwayo yomgangatho wamanzi weparameter ezininzi
2. Inkqubo ye-Floating Buoy yomgangatho wamanzi we-multi-parameter
3. Ibrashi yokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo yesixhobo sokuvavanya amanzi esineeparameter ezininzi
4. Iseti epheleleyo yeeseva kunye nemodyuli engenazingcingo yesoftware, ixhasa i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

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