Ukusuka kwiziphene zeFactory ukuya kuNgcoliseko loMoya: IiSensors zerhasi ziKhusela njani iSE Asia

UMzantsi-mpuma Asia, ongomnye wemimandla yezoqoqosho ekhula ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini, ukhula ngokukhawuleza kwezoshishino, ukwanda kweedolophu nokwanda kwabemi. Le nkqubo idale imfuno engxamisekileyo yokujongwa komgangatho womoya, uqinisekiso lokhuseleko lwamashishini, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Izinzwa zegesi, njengetekhnoloji yokubona ebalulekileyo, zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Oku kulandelayo ziindawo ezininzi ezingundoqo zesicelo kunye neemeko ezithile zobu buchwepheshe eMzantsi-mpuma Asia.

1. Ukhuseleko lwezoShishino kunye noLawulo lweNkqubo

Le yeyona ndawo yemveli kunye neyona ndawo ibalulekileyo yesicelo kwizinzwa zegesi. UMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia ubambe inani elikhulu lemizi-mveliso, iifektri zemichiza, iindawo zokuhluza ioyile, kunye nezixhobo zesemiconductor.

• Iimeko zesicelo:
  • Ukujongwa kokuvuza kwegesi evuthayo kunye netyhefu: Kwizityalo zepetrochemical, izikhululo zegesi zendalo, kunye neendawo zokugcina iikhemikhali, ukujonga ixesha langempela lokuvuza kweegesi ezifana ne-methane, ipropane, i-hydrogen sulfide, i-carbon monoxide, kunye ne-ammonia ukukhusela imililo, ukuqhuma, kunye neziganeko zetyhefu.
  • Ukujongwa kokuNgena kweNdawo eNcinyiweyo: Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zegesi eziphathwayo ukujonga amanqanaba e-oksijini, iigesi ezinokutsha, kunye neegesi ezinetyhefu ethile ngaphambi kokuba abasebenzi bangene kwiindawo ezivalelweyo ezifana neendawo zokubanjwa kwenqanawa, iitanki zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, kunye neetonela ezingaphantsi komhlaba ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi.
  • UkuPhuculwa kweNkqubo kunye noLawulo loMgangatho: Ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo ukuxinwa kweegesi ezithile (umzekelo, i-carbon dioxide, i-oksijini) kwiinkqubo ezifana nokutya kunye nokubiliswa kwesiselo kunye nokuveliswa kwe-semiconductor ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
• Imizekelo:
  • I-Oil Refinery enkulu eVietnam isebenzise inethiwekhi yamakhulu eenzwa zegesi ezisisigxina kuyo yonke indawo yayo, exhunywe kwinkqubo yokulawula ephakathi. Ukuba kufunyenwe ukuvuza kwegesi ye-hydrocarbon, inkqubo ngokukhawuleza ibangela ii-alamu ezivakalayo nezibonakalayo kwaye inokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya okanye ukuvala iivalve ezifanelekileyo, ukunciphisa ingozi yengozi.
  • I-Jurong Island Chemical Park eSingapore, i-hub yekhemikhali ehamba phambili yehlabathi, ibona ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-Photoionization Detector (PID) i-sensor ye-Advanced Photoionization (PID) ziinkampani zayo ukukhangela ukuvuza kwe-Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), eyenza isilumkiso sokuqala kunye nokuthotyelwa kokusingqongileyo.

2. UkuJonga uMgangatho woMoya weDolophu kunye neMpilo yoLuntu

Izixeko ezininzi ezikhulu ezikuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, njengeJakarta, Bangkok, neManila, zijongene neengxaki ezizingisileyo zongcoliseko lomoya olubangelwa kukuxinana kweemoto kunye nokukhutshwa kwemizi-mveliso. Inkxalabo yoluntu malunga neendawo zokuphefumla ezisempilweni ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe.

• Iimeko zesicelo:
  • Izitishi zokuHlola zoMoya ezikwi-Urban Ambient: Izikhululo zokubeka iliso ezichanekileyo ezisekwe zii-arhente zikarhulumente zokusingqongileyo ukulinganisa izingcolisi eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO₂), i-nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), i-ozone (O₃), kunye ne-carbon monoxide (CO). Bapapasha iSalathiso soMgangatho woMoya (AQI) ukwazisa umgaqo-nkqubo woluntu.
  • I-Micro-sensor Networks: Ukuhambisa i-micro-sensor networks zexabiso eliphantsi, i-compact micro gas sensor nodes kuluntu, malunga nezikolo, kunye nezibhedlele ezikufutshane ukuze zenze inethiwekhi yokubeka iliso yoxinaniso oluphezulu, ukubonelela ngegranular, idatha yangempela yomgangatho womoya wendawo.
  • Izixhobo eziphathwayo zobuqu: Abantu basebenzisa iimonitha zomoya ezinxitywayo okanye eziphathwa ngesandla ukujonga amanqanaba ongcoliseko kwindawo abakuyo, oko kusenza izigqibo zokhuseleko ezifana nokunxiba iimaski okanye ukunciphisa imisebenzi yangaphandle.
• Imizekelo:
  • Ulawulo lwe-Bangkok Metropolitan eThailand lubambisene namaziko ophando ukuthumela amakhulukhulu e-IoT esekwe kwi-IoT yomgangatho womoya omncinci woluvo kwidolophu iphela. Ezi zinzwa zilayisha idatha kwilifu ngexesha lokwenyani, zivumela abemi ukuba bajonge i-PM2.5 kunye namanqanaba e-ozone kwiindawo zabo ezikhethekileyo nge-app yeselula, ebonelela ngohlaziyo oluxineneyo noluqhelekileyo kunezikhululo zemveli.
  • Iprojekthi ye-“Smart School” eJakarta, e-Indonesia, yafakela izivamvo ze-carbon dioxide (CO₂) ngaphakathi kumagumbi okufundela. Xa amanqanaba e-CO₂ enyuka ngenxa yokuhlala, izinzwa ngokuzenzekelayo zibangela iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya ukuze zihlaziye umoya, zinceda ukuphucula ukugxila kunye nempilo yabafundi.

3. ULimo kunye nokuFundiswa kwezilwanyana

EzoLimo lilitye lembombo kuqoqosho lwamazwe amaninzi akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zegesi kuqhuba ukuguqulwa kwezolimo zendabuko zibe ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulima okuhlakaniphile.

• Iimeko zesicelo:
  • I-Greenhouse Environment Control: Ukubeka iliso kumanqanaba e-CO₂ kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo eziphezulu kunye nokukhulula i-CO₂ njenge "sichumisi segesi" ukunyusa i-photosynthesis, ukunyusa kakhulu isivuno kunye nomgangatho wemifuno kunye neentyatyambo.
  • Ukhuseleko lokuGcinwa kweeNkozo: Ukubeka iliso kwikharbhon dayoksayidi okanye ugxininiso lwephosphine kwizisele ezinkulu. Ukunyuka okungaqhelekanga kwe-CO₂ kungabonisa ukuchithwa ngenxa yezinambuzane okanye umsebenzi wokubumba. I-Phosphine sisiqhumiso esiqhelekileyo, kwaye ukugxila kwayo kufuneka kulawulwe ngokuchanekileyo kulawulo lwezinambuzane olusebenzayo kunye nokhuseleko lokusebenza.
  • Ukubeka iliso kokusiNgqongileyo kweMfuyo: Ukubeka iliso ngokuqhubekayo amanqanaba erhasi eziyingozi ezifana ne-ammonia (NH₃) kunye ne-hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) kwiindawo ezivaliweyo zeenkukhu kunye neeshedi zemfuyo. Ezi gesi zichaphazela impilo yezilwanyana, nto leyo ekhokelela kwizifo kunye nokungakhuli kakuhle. Ii-Sensors zinokubangela iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya ukuphucula imeko yangaphakathi.
• Imizekelo:
  • IFama ye-Smart Greenhouse yaseMalaysia isebenzisa i-CO₂ sensors esekelwe kwi-teknoloji ye-NDIR (i-Non-Dispersive Infrared), idibene nenkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo, ukugcina amanqanaba aphezulu e-CO₂ (umzekelo, i-800-1200 ppm) yokukhula kwezityalo, ukwandisa isivuno se-tomato malunga ne-30%.
  • IFama enkulu yeeNkuku eThailand ifakele i-ammonia sensor network kwizindlu zeenkukhu zayo. Xa ukugxininiswa kwe-ammonia kudlula umda omiselweyo, iifeni kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa zephedi zisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo, zinciphisa ngokufanelekileyo izifo zokuphefumla emhlambini kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-antibiotics.

4. Ukubekw'esweni kokusiNgqongileyo kunye neSilumkiso seNtlekele

I-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia ixhomekeke kwiintlekele ze-geological kwaye ngummandla obalulekileyo oxhalabisayo malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

• Iimeko zesicelo:
  • UkuHlolwa kweZityalo zokuCocwa kweNdawo yokuLawula iNdawo kunye nokuCocwa kwaManzi amdaka: Ukubeka iliso kukuveliswa kwemethane kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ukuze kuthintelwe imingcipheko yogqabhuko-dubulo nokubonelela ngedatha yokufunyanwa kwe-biogas kunye neeprojekthi zokuvelisa umbane. Kwakhona ukubeka iliso kwiigesi ezinevumba elimnandi njengehydrogen sulfide ukunciphisa impembelelo kuluntu olungqongileyo.
  • Ukujongwa koMsebenzi weVolcanic: Kumazwe anentaba-mlilo efana ne-Indonesia kunye nePhilippines, izazinzulu zisebenzisa izinzwa zesulphur dioxide (SO₂) ezijikeleze iintaba-mlilo. Ukunyuka kokukhutshwa kwe-SO₂ kudla ngokubonisa ukwanda kwentshukumo yentaba-mlilo, ibonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo kwizilumkiso zogqabhuko-dubulo.
  • Ihlathi Lomlilo Isilumkiso Kwangethuba: Ukufaka i-carbon monoxide kunye nezinzwa zomsi kwindawo yehlathi le-peatland e-Sumatra naseKalimantan, e-Indonesia, inokubona imililo eqhumayo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amadangatye abonakalayo, ukuvumela ukungenelela okubalulekileyo kwangethuba.
• Imizekelo:
  • I-Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) iseke uthungelwano lokubeka iliso olubanzi, kubandakanywa izinzwa zegesi, malunga neentaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo ezifana neMayon. Idatha ye-SO₂ yexesha langempela ibanceda ukuba bahlole imeko ye-volcanic ngokuchanekileyo kwaye bakhuphe abahlali xa kuyimfuneko.
  • I-Arhente yeSizwe yokusiNgqongileyo yase-Singapore (NEA) isebenzisa i-remote sensing kunye nezivamvo zomhlaba ukujonga ngokufutshane ukungcoliseka kwenkungu engaphaya kwemida evela kumazwe angabamelwane. Izinzwa zegesi (umz., i-CO kunye ne-PM2.5) zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokulandelela ukuthuthwa kwenkungu kunye nokuvavanya impembelelo yayo.

Imingeni kunye neeNdlela zekamva

Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ukwamkelwa kweenzwa zegesi kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia ijongene nemingeni efana nefuthe lobushushu obuphezulu kunye nomswakama kwi-sensor yokuphila kunye nokuzinza, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi abanezakhono zokugcinwa kunye nokulinganisa, kunye nesidingo sokuqinisekiswa kokuchaneka kwedatha evela kwiinzwa zexabiso eliphantsi.

Ukujonga phambili, kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwe-IoT, iDatha enkulu, kunye nobuNhloli boBugcisa (AI), izicelo zesivamvo segesi ziya kuba nzulu ngakumbi:

• Ukudityaniswa kwedatha kunye noHlahlelo: Ukudibanisa idatha yesivamvo segesi kunye neminye imithombo efana nemozulu, i-traffic, kunye nedatha yesathelayithi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-AI algorithms kuhlalutyo oluqikelelweyo (umz., ukubikezela umgangatho womoya okanye iingozi zokungaphumeleli kwezixhobo zoshishino).
• Ukuqhubela phambili kokuNcitshiswa kweNdleko kunye nokuBanda: Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) iteknoloji iya kwenza i-sensors ingabizi kwaye incinci, iqhube ukwamkelwa okukhulu kwizixeko ezihlakaniphile kunye namakhaya ahlakaniphile.

Ukuqukumbela

Kumhlaba oguquguqukayo we-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, izinzwa zegesi ziye zavela kwizixhobo ezilula zokhuseleko kwimizi-mveliso ukuya kwizixhobo eziguquguqukayo zokukhusela impilo yoluntu, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezolimo, kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo. Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kunye neemeko zesicelo zanda, ezi "mpumlo ze-elektroniki" ziya kuhlala zingabonakali, zibonelela ngesiseko esiqinileyo sedatha yophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwe-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia.