Ukusuka kwiimpazamo zefektri ukuya kungcoliseko lomoya: Indlela iiSensors zegesi ezikhusela ngayo i-SE Asia

UMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, omnye wemimandla yezoqoqosho ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi, ufumana ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemizi-mveliso, ukukhula kwezixeko, kunye nokukhula kwabemi. Le nkqubo idale isidingo esingxamisekileyo sokujonga umgangatho womoya, ukuqinisekiswa kokhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso, kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo. Izinzwa zegesi, njengetekhnoloji yokuva okubalulekileyo, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ezi zilandelayo ziinkalo ezininzi eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kunye namatyala athile obu buchwepheshe kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia.

1. Ukhuseleko lweMizi-mveliso kunye noLawulo lweNkqubo

Le yindawo yesiqhelo nebaluleke kakhulu yokusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zegesi. Umzantsi-mpuma we-Asia unemizi-mveliso emininzi, iifektri zeekhemikhali, iindawo zokucoca ioyile, kunye nezakhiwo ze-semiconductor.

• Imeko zesicelo:
  • Ukubeka esweni ukuvuza kwegesi okutshayo nokunobuthi: Kwizityalo zepetroli, kwizikhululo zegesi yendalo, nakwiindawo zokugcina iikhemikhali, ukubeka esweni ngexesha langempela ukuvuza kwegesi ezifana ne-methane, i-propane, i-hydrogen sulfide, i-carbon monoxide, kunye ne-ammonia ukuthintela imililo, ukuqhuma, kunye neziganeko zokutyhefa.
  • Ukubeka esweni ukungena kwindawo evalekileyo: Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokubona igesi eziphathekayo ukujonga amanqanaba eoksijini, iigesi ezitshayo, kunye neegesi ezithile ezinobuthi ngaphambi kokuba abasebenzi bangene kwiindawo ezivalekileyo ezifana neendawo zokugcina iinqanawa, iitanki zonyango lwelindle, kunye neetonela ezingaphantsi komhlaba ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi.
  • Ukuphucula Inkqubo kunye noLawulo loMgangatho: Ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo ukuxinana kweegesi ezithile (umz., i-carbon dioxide, ioksijini) kwiinkqubo ezinje ngokubiliswa kokutya neziselo kunye nokuveliswa kwe-semiconductor ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
• Izifundo zeTyala:
  • I-Oil Refinery enkulu eVietnam ithumele inethiwekhi yamakhulu ee-sensors zegesi ezizinzileyo kuyo yonke indawo yayo, eziqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo yolawulo ephakathi. Ukuba kufunyenwe ukuvuza kwegesi ye-hydrocarbon, inkqubo ibangela ngokukhawuleza ii-alamu ezivakalayo nezibonakalayo kwaye ingazivula ngokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo zomoya okanye ivale iivalvu ezifanelekileyo, inciphise iingozi.
  • IJurong Island Chemical Park eSingapore, indawo ephambili kwihlabathi leekhemikhali, ibona ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwee-sensors ze-Photoionization Detector (PID) eziphambili ziinkampani zayo ukuze zibone ukuvuza okuncinci kweVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), nto leyo evumela isilumkiso kwangethuba kunye nokuthobela imiqathango yokusingqongileyo.

2. Ukubeka iliso kuMgangatho woMoya wasezidolophini kunye nempilo yoluntu

Izixeko ezininzi ezinkulu ezikuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, ezifana neJakarta, iBangkok, neManila, zijongene neengxaki zongcoliseko lomoya oluqhubekayo olubangelwa kukuxinana kweemoto kunye nokukhutshwa komoya kwimizi-mveliso. Inkxalabo yoluntu malunga neendawo zokuphefumla ezisempilweni iyanda ngokuthe chu.

• Imeko zesicelo:
  • Izitishi Zokujonga Umoya Ezikufutshane NeeDolophu: Izitishi zokujonga umoya ezichanekileyo ezisekwe ziiarhente zikarhulumente zokusingqongileyo ukulinganisa ungcoliseko oluqhelekileyo olufana ne-PM2.5, i-PM10, i-sulfur dioxide (SO₂), i-nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), i-ozone (O₃), kunye ne-carbon monoxide (CO). Zipapasha i-Air Quality Index (AQI) ukuze zinike ulwazi ngemigaqo-nkqubo kawonkewonke.
  • IiNethiwekhi zee-Micro-sensor: Ukusasaza ii-node ze-micro-sensor zegesi ezincinci ezingabizi kakhulu kwiindawo zokuhlala, ezijikeleze izikolo, kunye nezibhedlele ezikufutshane ukuze kwenziwe inethiwekhi yokubeka esweni uxinano olukhulu, ukubonelela ngedatha yomgangatho womoya wasekuhlaleni eneenkcukacha ezininzi, efumaneka ngexesha langempela.
  • Izixhobo Eziphathwayo Zomntu: Abantu basebenzisa izixhobo zokujonga umgangatho womoya ezinxitywayo okanye eziphathwa ngesandla ukujonga amanqanaba ongcoliseko kwindawo abakuyo, nto leyo evumela ukuba benze izigqibo zokuzikhusela ezifana nokunxiba iimaski okanye ukunciphisa imisebenzi yangaphandle.
• Izifundo zeTyala:
  • Ulawulo lweMetropolitan yaseBangkok eThailand ludibene namaziko ophando ukuze kusetyenziswe amakhulu eenzwa zomoya ezincinci ezisekelwe kwi-IoT kulo lonke isixeko. Ezi sensor zilayisha idatha efini ngexesha langempela, zivumela abemi ukuba bajonge amanqanaba e-PM2.5 kunye ne-ozone kwiindawo zabo ezithile nge-app yeselula, nto leyo ebonelela ngohlaziyo oluninzi noluqhubekayo kunezikhululo zemveli.
  • Iprojekthi ethi “Smart School” eJakarta, eIndonesia, ifake iisensa zekhabhoni dayokhsayidi (CO₂) ngaphakathi kwamagumbi okufundela. Xa amanqanaba e-CO₂ enyuka ngenxa yokuhlala kwabantu, ezi sensa zivuselela ngokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo zomoya ukuze zihlaziye umoya, nto leyo enceda ukuphucula ukugxininisa nempilo yabafundi.

3. Ezolimo kunye nokuFuya izilwanyana

Ulimo lubaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho kumazwe amaninzi akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zegesi kuqhuba utshintsho lwezolimo zemveli lube kulimo oluchanekileyo nolukrelekrele.

• Imeko zesicelo:
  • Ulawulo lweNdalo yeGreenhouse: Ukubeka esweni amanqanaba e-CO₂ kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo eziphambili kunye nokukhupha i-CO₂ "njengesichumisi segesi" ukuphucula i-photosynthesis, okunyusa kakhulu isivuno kunye nomgangatho wemifuno kunye neentyatyambo.
  • Ukhuseleko Lokugcinwa Kweenkozo: Ukubeka esweni amanqanaba e-carbon dioxide okanye e-phosphine kwiindawo ezinkulu zokugcina ukutya. Ukunyuka okungaqhelekanga kwe-CO₂ kunokubonisa ukubola ngenxa yemisebenzi yezinambuzane okanye yokungunda. I-Phosphine sisifunxi esiqhelekileyo, kwaye amanqanaba ayo kufuneka alawulwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kulawulwe izinambuzane ngempumelelo kwaye kukhuseleke ekusebenzeni.
  • Ukubeka iliso kwiNdawo yeZilwanyana: Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kumanqanaba eegesi eziyingozi ezifana ne-ammonia (NH₃) kunye ne-hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) kwiindawo zokugcina iinkukhu kunye neenkomo ezivalekileyo. Ezi gesi zichaphazela impilo yezilwanyana, nto leyo ekhokelela kwizifo kunye nokukhula okukhawulezileyo. Izinzwa zinokubangela iinkqubo zomoya ukuba ziphucule imeko-bume yangaphakathi.
• Izifundo zeTyala:
  • Ifama yeGreenhouse ehlakaniphileyo eMalaysia isebenzisa izinzwa zeCO₂ ezisekelwe kwitekhnoloji ye-NDIR (Non-Dispersive Infrared), kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ezenzekelayo, ukugcina amanqanaba eCO₂ afanelekileyo (umz., 800-1200 ppm) ekukhuleni kwezityalo, okwandisa isivuno seetumato phantse ngama-30%.
  • Ifama enkulu yeenkukhu eThailand ifake inethiwekhi ye-ammonia sensor kwiindlu zayo zeenkukhu. Xa ubuninzi be-ammonia budlula umda obekiweyo, iifeni kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa zisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo, zinciphisa ngempumelelo izifo zokuphefumla kumhlambi kwaye zinciphise ukusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics.

4. Ukubeka iliso kwiNdalo kunye neZilumkiso zeNtlekele

Umzantsi-mpuma we-Asia usengozini yeentlekele zejoloji kwaye yindawo ephambili exhalabisayo malunga notshintsho lwemozulu.

• Imeko zesicelo:
  • Ukubeka iliso kwiZityalo zokulahla inkunkuma kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka: Ukubeka iliso ekuvelisweni kwe-methane kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi zokuqhuma kunye nokubonelela ngedatha yokubuyiselwa kwe-biogas kunye neeprojekthi zokuvelisa umbane. Kwakhona ukubeka iliso kwiigesi ezinukayo ezifana ne-hydrogen sulfide ukunciphisa impembelelo kwiindawo ezingqongileyo.
  • Ukubeka esweni iMisebenzi yeNtaba-mlilo: Kumazwe asebenza kwiintaba-mlilo ezifana ne-Indonesia nePhilippines, izazinzulu zisebenzisa izixhobo zokuvavanya i-sulfur dioxide (SO₂) ezijikeleze iintaba-mlilo. Ukwanda kokukhutshwa kwe-SO₂ kudla ngokubonisa ukwanda komsebenzi wentaba-mlilo, nto leyo ebonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo kwizilumkiso zokuqhuma.
  • Isilumkiso Somlilo Wamahlathi Kwangethuba: Ukusasaza i-carbon monoxide kunye nezinzwa zomsi kwiindawo zamahlathi aseSumatra naseKalimantan, eIndonesia, kunokubona imililo eqhumayo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amalangatye abonakalayo, okuvumela ukungenelela okubalulekileyo kwangethuba.
• Izifundo zeTyala:
  • I-Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) iseke uthungelwano olubanzi lokubeka esweni, kuquka nezinzwa zegesi, ezijikeleze iintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo ezifana neMayon. Idatha ye-SO₂ yexesha langempela ibanceda bahlole imeko yentaba-mlilo ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi kwaye bakhuphe abemi xa kuyimfuneko.
  • I-Arhente yeSizwe yokuSingqongileyo yaseSingapore (i-NEA) isebenzisa i-satellite remote sensing kunye nee-ground sensors ukuze ijonge ngokusondeleyo ungcoliseko lwe-inkungu oludlula imida oluvela kumazwe angabamelwane. Ii-gas sensors (umz., ze-CO kunye ne-PM2.5) zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokulandelela ukuthuthwa kwe-inkungu kunye nokuvavanya impembelelo yayo.

Imingeni kunye neendlela zexesha elizayo

Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuxhaphake kakhulu, ukwamkelwa kwee-sensors zegesi kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia kujongene nemingeni efana nempembelelo yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma kwixesha lokuphila kunye nokuzinza kwe-sensor, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi abanezakhono zokugcina nokulinganisa, kunye nesidingo sokuqinisekiswa kokuchaneka kwedatha evela kwii-sensors ezingabizi kakhulu.

Ukujonga phambili, ngokuqhubela phambili kwe-IoT, iBig Data, kunye neArtificial Intelligence (AI), usetyenziso lwe-gas sensor luya kuba nzulu ngakumbi:

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha kunye noHlahlelo: Ukudibanisa idatha ye-gas sensor kunye neminye imithombo efana ne-meteorological, i-traffic, kunye nedatha yesathelayithi, kunye nokusebenzisa ii-algorithms ze-AI kuhlalutyo lokuqikelela (umz., ukuqikelela umgangatho womoya okanye umngcipheko wokusilela kwezixhobo zoshishino).
• Ukuncitshiswa kweendleko okuqhubekayo kunye nokwanda kwazo: Ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji yeMicro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) kuya kwenza izixhobo zokuvavanya zingabizi kwaye zibe zincinci, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusetyenzisweni okukhulu kwizixeko ezikrelekrele kunye namakhaya akrelekrele.

Isiphelo

Kwindawo eguquguqukayo yaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia, izixhobo zokuvavanya igesi ziye zavela kwizixhobo ezilula zokhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso zaya kwizixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela impilo yoluntu, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezolimo, kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buhambela phambili kwaye iimeko zokusetyenziswa zisanda, ezi "mpumlo ze-elektroniki" ziya kuhlala zingabalindi abangabonakaliyo, zibonelela ngesiseko sedatha esiqinileyo sophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia.