Isifundo seTyala lesicelo seeSensors zeOksijini ezinyibilikisiweyo kwi-Precision Aeration

I. Imvelaphi yeProjekthi: Imingeni kunye namathuba okulima amachibi ase-Indonesia

I-Indonesia ngumvelisi wesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni wezolimo zasemanzini, kwaye eli shishini liyintsika ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwesizwe kunye nokhuseleko lokutya. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela zokulima zemveli, ingakumbi ukulima ngokungxamisekileyo, zijongene nemingeni emikhulu:

• Umngcipheko weHypoxia: Kumachibi axineneyo, ukuphefumla kweentlanzi kunye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo kudla ioksijini eninzi. Ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo enganeleyo (DO) ikhokelela ekukhuleni kancinci kweentlanzi, ukuncipha kokutya, ukwanda koxinzelelo, kwaye inokubangela ukufuthaniseka okukhulu kunye nokufa, okubangela ilahleko enkulu kwezoqoqosho kubalimi.
• Iindleko Eziphezulu Zamandla: Ii-aerator zemveli zihlala zisebenza ngeejenereyitha zedizili okanye ngegridi kwaye zifuna ukusebenza ngesandla. Ukuze baphephe ukungabikho komoya ebusuku, abalimi bahlala besebenzisa ii-aerator rhoqo ixesha elide, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kombane omkhulu okanye idizili kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza.
• Ulawulo Olubanzi: Ukuthembela kumava ezandla ukugweba amanqanaba eoksijini yamanzi—njengokujonga ukuba iintlanzi “zikhupha umoya” na kumphezulu—akuchanekanga kakhulu. Ngexesha lokubona umoya ukhupha umoya, iintlanzi sele zixinezelekile kakhulu, kwaye ukuqalisa umoya ngeli xesha kudla ngokuba sekusemva kwexesha.

Ukujongana nale micimbi, iinkqubo zokujonga umgangatho wamanzi ezikrelekrele ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-Intanethi yezinto (IoT) ziyakhuthazwa e-Indonesia, kwaye isenzi se-oxygen esinyibilikisiweyo sidlala indima ebalulekileyo.

II. Isifundo esineenkcukacha zeSicelo seTekhnoloji

Indawo: Iifama ze-tilapia okanye ii-shrimp eziphakathi ukuya kwezinkulu kwiindawo ezikunxweme nakwiindawo ezingaphakathi kwiziqithi ezingaphandle kweJava (umz., iSumatra, iKalimantan).

Isisombululo soBugcisa: Ukusasazwa kweenkqubo zokujonga umgangatho wamanzi ezikrelekrele ezidityaniswe nezinzwa zeoksijini enyibilikisiweyo.

1. I-Dissolved Oxygen Sensor – “I-Sensory Organ” yeNkqubo

• Iteknoloji kunye nomsebenzi: Isebenzisa ii-sensors ezisebenzisa i-optical fluorescence. Lo mgaqo ubandakanya umaleko wedayi ye-fluorescent kwincam ye-sensor. Xa ivuselelwa kukukhanya kobude obuthile, idayi iyakhanya. Uxinzelelo lwe-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo emanzini lucima (lunciphisa) ubukhali kunye nobude bolu tshintsho. Ngokulinganisa olu tshintsho, uxinzelelo lwe-DO lubalwa ngokuchanekileyo.
• Iingenelo (ngaphezu kwee-sensors ze-electrochemical zemveli):
  • Akukho mfuneko yokulungisa: Akukho mfuneko yokutshintsha ii-electrolytes okanye ii-membrane; amaxesha okulinganisa amade, afuna ukugcinwa okuncinci.
  • Ukumelana Okukhulu Nokuphazamiseka: Ayichaphazeleki lula kukuphazamiseka okubangelwa kukuhamba kwamanzi, i-hydrogen sulfide, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo zamachibi.
  • Ukuchaneka Okuphezulu kunye nempendulo ekhawulezayo: Ibonelela ngedatha ye-DO eqhubekayo, echanekileyo, neyenzeka ngexesha langempela.

2. Ukuhlanganiswa kweNkqubo kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi

• Ukufunyanwa kwedatha: I-sensor ye-DO ifakwe ngokusisigxina kubunzulu obubalulekileyo echibini (ngokuqhelekileyo kwindawo ekude kakhulu kwi-aerator okanye kumaleko wamanzi ophakathi, apho i-DO idla ngokuba yeyona iphantsi), ijonga amaxabiso e-DO iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki.
• Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha: Isensa ithumela idatha ngentambo okanye ngaphandle kwentambo (umz., iLoRaWAN, inethiwekhi yeselula) kwi-data logger/gateway eqhutywa ngamandla elanga kumphetho wechibi.
• Uhlalutyo lweDatha kunye noLawulo oluBukrelekrele: Isango liqulathe isilawuli esicwangcisiweyo kwangaphambili esinemida yomgca we-DO ephezulu nesezantsi (umz., qala umoya kwi-4 mg/L, yeka kwi-6 mg/L).
• Ukwenziwa Ngokuzenzekelayo: Xa idatha ye-DO yexesha langempela iwela ngaphantsi komda osezantsi omiselweyo, umlawuli uvula ngokuzenzekelayo i-aerator. Iyayicima i-aerator xa i-DO ibuyela kwinqanaba eliphezulu elikhuselekileyo. Yonke inkqubo ayifuni kungenelela ngesandla.
• Ukubeka esweni kude: Yonke idatha ilayishwa ngaxeshanye kwiqonga lefu. Abalimi banokubeka esweni kude imeko ye-DO kunye neempawu zembali zedama ngalinye ngexesha langempela nge-app yeselula okanye ideshibhodi yekhompyutha kwaye bafumane izilumkiso ze-SMS zeemeko ze-oxygen ephantsi.

III. Iziphumo zesicelo kunye nexabiso

Ukwamkelwa kobu buchwepheshe kuzise utshintsho olukhulu kubalimi base-Indonesia:

1. Ukuncipha Kakhulu Kokufa, Ukwanda Kwemveliso Nomgangatho:
   • Ukubeka esweni ngokuchanekileyo iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki kuthintela ngokupheleleyo iziganeko zokungabikho kobuthi obubangelwa ziiyure zasebusuku okanye utshintsho lwemozulu ngesiquphe (umz., ubushushu, ukuzola emva kwemini), kunciphisa kakhulu ukufa kweentlanzi.
   • Indawo ezinzileyo ye-DO inciphisa uxinzelelo lweentlanzi, iphucula i-Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), ikhuthaza ukukhula ngokukhawuleza nangokusempilweni, kwaye ekugqibeleni inyusa isivuno kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.
2. Ukonga Okukhulu Kwiindleko Zamandla Nezokusebenza:
   • Itshintsha ukusebenza ukusuka “kwi-24/7 aeration” ukuya “kwi-aeration xa kuyimfuneko,” inciphisa ixesha lokusebenza kwe-aerator ngama-50%-70%.
   • Oku kukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekwehleni okukhulu kweendleko zombane okanye zedizili, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko zemveliso iyonke kwaye iphucula iMbuyekezo yoTyalo-mali (i-ROI).
3. Ivumela uLawulo oluchanekileyo nolukrelekrele:
   • Abalimi bakhululekile kumsebenzi onzima nongachanekanga wokujonga amachibi rhoqo, ingakumbi ebusuku.
   • Izigqibo ezisekelwe kwidatha zivumela ucwangciso lwesayensi olungakumbi lokutya, amayeza, kunye nokutshintshiselana ngamanzi, okuvumela utshintsho lwanamhlanje ukusuka "ekufuyeni okusekelwe kumava" ukuya "ekufuyeni okusekelwe kwidatha."
4. Ubuchule boLawulo lweeNgozi obuphuculweyo:
   • Izaziso zeselula zivumela abalimi ukuba baqaphele ngoko nangoko izinto ezingaqhelekanga baze baphendule bekude, nokuba abakho kwindawo yokusebenza, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu amandla abo okulawula iingozi ezingalindelekanga.

IV. Imingeni kunye neMbono yeXesha elizayo

• Imingeni:
  • Iindleko zoTyalo-mali lokuqala: Iindleko zangaphambili zeenzwa kunye neenkqubo zokuzenzekelayo zisengumqobo omkhulu kubalimi abancinci ngabanye.
  • Uqeqesho loBugcisa kunye noKwamkelwa: Ukuqeqesha abalimi bemveli ukutshintsha iindlela zakudala nokufunda indlela yokusebenzisa nokugcina izixhobo kuyimfuneko.
  • Iziseko zophuhliso: Umbane ozinzileyo kunye nokugubungela inethiwekhi kwiziqithi ezikude zizinto ezifunekayo ukuze inkqubo isebenze ngokuzinzileyo.
• Imbono Yexesha Elizayo:
  • Iindleko zezixhobo kulindeleke ukuba ziqhubeke zincipha njengoko ubuchwepheshe bukhula kwaye kufezekiswa uqoqosho olukhulu.
  • Iinkqubo zenkxaso-mali kunye neenkqubo zokukhuthaza ezixhaswa nguRhulumente kunye neeNhlangano ezingezizo ezikaRhulumente (ii-NGO) ziya kukhawulezisa ukwamkelwa kobu buchwepheshe.
  • Iinkqubo zexesha elizayo aziyi kudibanisa i-DO kuphela kodwa ne-pH, ubushushu, i-ammonia, i-turbidity, kunye nezinye izinzwa, zidale "i-Underwater IoT" epheleleyo yamachibi. Ii-algorithms zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa ziya kuvumela ulawulo oluzenzekelayo nolukrelekrele lwenkqubo yonke yokulima amachibi.

Isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa zeoksijini ezinyibilikisiweyo kwi-aquaculture yase-Indonesia libali lempumelelo elimele kakhulu. Ngokujonga idatha ngokuchanekileyo kunye nolawulo olukrelekrele, kujongana ngempumelelo nezona ndawo ziphambili zeshishini: umngcipheko we-hypoxia kunye neendleko eziphezulu zamandla. Le teknoloji ayimeli nje ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo kodwa iguqula ifilosofi yezolimo, iqhuba ishishini le-aquaculture yase-Indonesia kunye nehlabathi liphela ngokuthe chu ukuya kwikamva elisebenzayo, elizinzileyo, nelikrelekrele.