Uphononongo olutsha lutyhila indlela ungcoliseko oluphuma kwimisebenzi yabantu oluchaphazela ngayo isakhono sabo sokufumana iintyatyambo
Kuyo nayiphi na indlela ephithizelayo, iintsalela zombhobho wemoto zijinga emoyeni, phakathi kwazo kukho iinitrogen oxides neozone. Ezi zinto zingcolisayo, nazo ezikhutshwa ngamaziko amaninzi emizi-mveliso kunye namaziko ombane, zidada emoyeni kangangeeyure ukuya kwiminyaka. Oosonzululwazi kudala besazi ukuba le michiza iyingozi kwimpilo yabantu. Kodwa ngoku, ubungqina obuninzi bubonisa ukuba kwa ezi zingcolisi zinye zenza ubomi bube nzima kwizinambuzane ezihambisa ipoleni nakwizityalo ezixhomekeke kuzo.
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezingcolisa umoya zisabelana nemichiza ebumba ivumba lentyatyambo, iguqula ubungakanani kunye nokwakheka kwezi ngxubevange ngendlela ethintela umthumeli wentyatyambo ukuba angakwazi ukubona indawo ekuyo iintyatyambo. Ukongezelela ekujongeni izinto ezibonakalayo njengokumila kwentyatyambo okanye umbala wayo, izinambuzane zixhomekeke “kwimaphu” yevumba, indibanisela yeemolekyuli zevumba ezikhethekileyo kuhlobo ngalunye lwentyatyambo, ukuze zifumane isityalo ezisifunayo. Umgangatho ophantsi we-ozone kunye ne-nitrogen oxides zisabela kunye neemolekyuli zevumba leentyatyambo, zenza iikhemikhali ezintsha ezisebenza ngokwahlukileyo.
“Ngokusisiseko iyalitshintsha ivumba elifunwa sisinambuzane,” utshilo uBen Langford, isazinzulu somoya weZiko lase-UK le-Ecology and Hydrology ephanda ngalo mba.
I-Pollinators ifunda ukudibanisa indibaniselwano eyodwa yeekhemikhali ezikhutshwa yintyatyambo kunye nolo hlobo luthile kunye nomvuzo weswekile ohambelana nawo. Xa ezi khompawundi zi-ethe-ethe zidibana nezingcolisi ezisebenza kakhulu, ukusabela kutshintsha inani leemolekyuli zevumba leentyatyambo kunye nesixa esilinganiselweyo sohlobo ngalunye lwemolekyuli, ngokusisiseko sitshintsha ivumba.
Abaphandi bayazi ukuba i-ozone ihlasela uhlobo lwebhondi yekhabhoni efumaneka kwiimolekyuli zevumba leentyatyambo. Kwelinye icala, oxides nitrogen isuntswana enigma, kwaye ayikacaci ncam indlela iimolekyuli ivumba iintyatyambo asabela ngayo ngolu hlobo khompawundi. "Le mephu yokuvumba ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-pollinators, ngokukodwa i-pollinators ephaphazelayo esebenzayo," watsho uJames Ryalls, umphandi kwiYunivesithi yokuFunda. "Kukho ezinye iinyosi, umzekelo, ezinokubona intyatyambo kuphela xa zingaphantsi kwemitha enye ukusuka entyatyambo, ngoko ke ivumba libaluleke kakhulu kuzo xa zifuna ukutya."
ULangford kunye namanye amalungu eqela lakhe bazimisele ukuqonda ukuba i-ozone iyitshintsha njani imilo yevumba lentyatyambo. Basebenzise itonela yomoya kunye nezivamvo ukulinganisa ubume belifu levumba elenziwa ziintyatyambo xa zikhupha ivumba lazo lokutyikitya. Abaphandi ke bakhupha i-ozone kwiindawo ezimbini zokugxila, enye yazo ifana nento eyenziwa yi-UK ngexesha lasehlotyeni xa amanqanaba e-ozone ephezulu, kwi-tunnel eneemolekyuli zevumba leentyatyambo. Bafumanisa ukuba i-ozone idla emaphethelweni e-plume, inciphisa ububanzi nobude.
Emva koko abaphandi basebenzise i-honeybee reflex eyaziwa ngokuba yiproboscis extension. Ngokufana nenja kaPavlov, eyayiza kukhalisa xa kukhala intsimbi yokutya, iinyosi zobusi ziya kwandisa inxalenye yomlomo wazo osebenza njengetyhubhu yokutya, eyaziwa ngokuba yiproboscis, ekuphenduleni iphunga elidibanisa nomvuzo weswekile. Xa izazinzulu zinika ezi nyosi ivumba ngokuqhelekileyo ziya kuva iimitha ezintandathu ukusuka kwintyatyambo, zakhupha i-proboscis yazo ngama-52 ekhulwini exesha. Oku kwehle ukuya kwi 38 pesenti yexesha kwikhompawundi yevumba elimele ivumba eliziimitha ezili-12 ukusuka kwintyatyambo.
Noko ke, xa zasebenzisa iinguqulelo ezifanayo kwivumba elaliza kwenzeka kwiplume ethotywe yiozone, iinyosi zasabela kuphela ngama-32 ekhulwini exesha kuphawu lweemitha ezithandathu ne-10 ekhulwini lexesha kumgama oziimitha ezili-12. “Uyakubona oku kwehla kumangalisayo kwenani leenyosi ezinokulibona ivumba,” utshilo uLangford.
Uninzi lophando ngesi sihloko lwenziwe kwiindawo zaselabhoratri, hayi ebaleni okanye kwindawo yendalo yezinambuzane. Ukujongana nesi sikhewu solwazi, izazinzulu kwiYunivesithi yokuFunda zenza iimpompo ezityhala i-ozone okanye i-diesel exhaust ibe ngamacandelo entsimi yengqolowa. Iimvavanyo ezimiselwe kwii-26-foot open air rings zinceda abaphandi bavavanye imiphumo yongcoliseko lomoya kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-pollinators.
Iqela labaphandi libeke iliso kwiiseti zezityalo zemostade kwiindawo zokutyelelwa kwe-pollinator. Amanye amagumbi ayenombhobho wedizili omponthwe kumanqanaba angaphantsi kwemigangatho yomgangatho womoya we-EPA. Kwezo ndawo, aye ancipha ngama-90 ekhulwini amandla ezinambuzane okubona iintyatyambo ezixhomekeke kuzo ekutyeni. Ukongezelela, izityalo zemostade ezisetyenzisiweyo kuphononongo, nangona iintyatyambo ezizikhuphayo, ziye zafumana ukuncipha kwe-31 ekhulwini kumanyathelo okukhula kwembewu, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-pollination evela kungcoliseko lomoya.
Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-pollinators yezinambuzane ngokwazo zijongene nemingeni ekhethekileyo ngenxa yamanqanaba akhoyo ongcoliseko lomoya. Kodwa xa usebenza ngekonsathi neminye imingeni ejongene nezi zinambuzane, ukungcoliseka komoya kusenokubangela iingxaki
Sinokubonelela ngeenzwa zokulinganisa uluhlu olubanzi lweegesi
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-08-2024